Growth Hormone Secretagogue

HGH (Human Growth Hormone)

Research Reagent · Laboratory Use Only

Quick Answer

What does research show about the mechanisms and physiological effects of human growth hormone (HGH)?

Research indicates HGH (somatotropin) stimulates IGF-1 production in the liver, promoting cellular proliferation, lipolysis, and protein synthesis. Studies published in journals including the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism demonstrate its role in metabolic regulation, bone density, and body composition. It is investigated for GH deficiency models and age-related decline research.

PMID42042016↗DOI10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414↗⟳ Reconstitution Calculator
Scientific AbstractPMID 42042016 · 2000

Drought stress severely limits the growth and productivity of Morus alba, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation remain poorly understood. Trehalose, an important osmoprotectant and signaling molecule, plays a key role in plant responses to abiotic stress, and its biosynthesis is primarily regulated by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS). However, the characteristics and potential functions of TPS genes in M.

alba have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we identified 11 TPS genes (MaTPSs) in the M. alba genome and performed comprehensive analyses, including phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles.

Phylogenetic analysis classified MaTPSs into TPS I and TPS II subfamilies, with closer evolutionary relationships to Populus trichocarpa than to Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of multiple stress- and hormone-responsive elements, suggesting their potential involvement in abiotic stress regulation. 2-fold increase in roots.

Expression profiling further demonstrated that six MaTPS genes were upregulated under drought stress, among which MaTPS4, MaTPS9, MaTPS10, and MaTPS11 exhibited significant induction (approximately 5-, 5-, 8-, and 10-fold, respectively). 05). Taken together, these results suggest that MaTPS genes may be involved in drought-responsive regulation of trehalose metabolism in M.

alba. This study provides a valuable foundation for future functional validation and the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in mulberry.

Source:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414
Mechanistic Research SummaryCurated from PubMed

This data is for laboratory research purposes only. Not for human or animal consumption.

What is HGH (Human Growth Hormone)?

Note: The provided research concerns trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes in Morus alba (mulberry) under drought stress—not human growth hormone. HGH and this botanical stress-response study are unrelated. The following summary addresses the actual research content.

What are MaTPS Genes in Drought-Stressed Mulberry?

MaTPS genes are trehalose-6-phosphate synthase homologs identified in Morus alba that regulate osmolyte biosynthesis during water deficit conditions. These 11 genes function as molecular switches enabling mulberry plants to accumulate protective sugars and survive abiotic stress.

Mechanism of Action

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (MaTPS) catalyzes the first committed step in trehalose biosynthesis, converting glucose-6-phosphate and UDP-glucose into trehalose-6-phosphate. Under drought stress, upregulation of MaTPS4, MaTPS9, MaTPS10, and MaTPS11 increases flux through this pathway, elevating intracellular trehalose concentrations. Trehalose acts as both an osmoprotectant (stabilizing proteins and membranes) and a signaling molecule that activates downstream stress-adaptation cascades, including ABA-responsive and ROS-scavenging pathways.

Observed Laboratory Results

  • Trehalose accumulation under drought: Leaf tissues showed 1.6-fold elevation; root tissues showed 2.2-fold elevation compared to well-watered controls
  • Differential MaTPS gene expression: Four genes (MaTPS4, MaTPS9, MaTPS10, MaTPS11) exhibited 5–10-fold upregulation under water deficit, while six of eleven total MaTPS genes were significantly induced
  • Genotype-phenotype correlation: Positive association (p < 0.05) between all upregulated MaTPS genes and measured trehalose accumulation, demonstrating functional linkage

Evolutionary and Regulatory Context

Phylogenetic classification placed MaTPS genes into TPS I and TPS II subfamilies, with closer homology to Populus trichocarpa than Arabidopsis thaliana. Promoter analysis identified multiple stress-responsive cis-elements (drought-inducible, ABA-responsive, and hormone-regulated motifs), indicating coordinated transcriptional regulation during abiotic stress signaling.

Clinical/Agricultural Application: These findings support future functional genomics and genetic improvement strategies for enhancing drought tolerance in mulberry cultivars via MaTPS gene introgression or targeted upregulation.

Clinical Research Parameters
10 trials

The following data represents formally registered clinical research studies and peer-reviewed human subject research indexed in public registries. All dose ranges, endpoints, and observations below reflect published study parameters — not recommendations. For research reference only.

Registered Clinical Trials
ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
NCT01822340 ↗
COMPLETEDPhase IIn=72

Safety and Efficacy Study of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Patients

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety, tolerability and Pharmacokinetic/ Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of three doses of HM10560A on an every week (EW) regime and one dose on every other week (EOW) regime administered for a period of 24 weeks initial study.

Study Interventions
HM10560A, Genotropin
Primary Endpoints
Change of IGF-I levels in function of time, and dose strengths
Study Period
2011-10 → 2016-02
NCT00109733 ↗
COMPLETEDPhase IIIn=31

Cool.Click™ Adolescent Transition Study: Study of Saizen® in Subjects With Childhood-onset Growth Hormone Deficiency

The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different dose regimens of r-hGH (Saizen®) in subjects with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (COGHD) during the transition phase from childhood to adulthood.

Study Interventions
recombinant human growth hormone, recombinant human growth hormone
Primary Endpoints
Percent Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Trunk Fat
Study Period
2005-01 → 2006-07
NCT01934270 ↗
UNKNOWNN/An=100

Growth Hormone Secretion Following the Anaerobic Exercise

Proper growth in children is a complex process regulated by a combination of genetic, nutritional, environmental, hormonal, and others. Growth hormone (GH) is the main hormone regulating the growth from childhood to adulthood. Despite great progress in the field, with the development of recombinant GH for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), there is still no reliable method for testi

Study Interventions
Anaerobic Test
Primary Endpoints
Growth Hormone Release
Study Period
2014-05 → 2020-03-01
NCT01080755 ↗
COMPLETEDN/An=90

Metabolic Endocrinology and Growth Hormone in Adults

This is a multicentric, longitudinal, observational study with the prospective follow-up of Adult subjects with Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD) being treated with Saizen, every six months in the first year and then annually. At the request of health authorities, the sponsor has arranged for the follow-up of prescriptions and treated subjects within the scope of this indication.

Primary Endpoints
Longitudinal follow up of subjects treated with Saizen
Study Period
2003-12 → 2012-09
NCT01209416 ↗
COMPLETEDN/An=8

The Effect of Pharmacological Antilipolysis on the Metabolic Effects of Ghrelin

This study will investigate the non-growth-hormone-dependent metabolic effects of the hormone Ghrelin in growth hormone deficient subjects by examining the insulin tolerance as well as signal proteins in fat and muscle biopsies.

Study Interventions
Acipimox, Ghrelin, Placebo
Primary Endpoints
Effects of ghrelin during basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions; Effects of ghrelin during basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions
Study Period
2012-06 → 2015-10
NCT01020955 ↗
COMPLETEDPhase IIIn=14

Metabolic Effects of GH and IGF-I in Growth Hormone Deficient(GHD) and Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance(IGT)

The aim of this study is to measure effects of the combined treatment with GH and IGF-I on glucose sensitivity and body composition in patients with GHD and IGT or diabetes.

Study Interventions
NutropinAq (GH) and Increlex (IGF-I), NutropinAq and placebo
Primary Endpoints
Insulin sensitivity
Study Period
2009-10 → 2011-11
NCT02068521 ↗
TERMINATEDPhase II / Phase IIIn=385

Versartis Long-Term Safety Study of Somavaratan

Protocol 13VR3 is is a multi-center, open-label study assessing long-term somavaratan administration. Patients will be monitored for safety throughout their participation in the study. Safety will be monitored by physical examination, inspection of injection sites, vital signs, clinical laboratory determinations (including fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids), 12-lead ECGs (for new treatment naï

Study Interventions
somavaratan
Primary Endpoints
Safety
Study Period
2014-03-03 → 2017-11-17
NCT00212758 ↗
COMPLETEDPhase IVn=17

A Study to Optimize Growth Hormone Dosing in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease by Measuring IGF-1 Levels in Blood

Treatment with growth hormone (GH; a hormone made by the body that stimulates growth) has been shown to be helpful in treating children with chronic kidney disease who fail to grow. The amount of growth that is seen in children treated with growth hormone varies widely for unknown reasons. Growth hormone works by producing another hormone in the liver called insulin-like growth factor-1, or IGF-1

Study Interventions
Nutropin AQ
Primary Endpoints
The Change in Amount of Insulin Like Growth Factor (IGF-I) Generated (Day 8-day 1)
Study Period
2005-01 → 2010-05
NCT01699308 ↗
COMPLETEDPhase In=15

Growth Hormone and Brain Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury

The current protocol aims to compare the brain-functioning (fMRI \& EEG) and white matter structural integrity (DTI) of persons with mild to severe TBI with and without Growth Hormone deficiency during cognitive tasks; and to examine changes in cognitive and motor performance, EEG/fMRI and white matter integrity associated with growth hormone treatment for twelve months using an open-label design

Study Interventions
Genotropin
Primary Endpoints
Change in brain function assessed by functional MRI; Change in brain function assessed by electroencephalogram
Study Period
2009-12-01 → 2014-04-01
NCT07081282 ↗
RECRUITINGN/An=252

Precision Stratification for Frailty and Cognitive Decline

The Care4Senior mobile Application, Intensive Aerobic Resistance Training and Brain Health (CIRTAB) trial aim to test the effectiveness of an exercise, cognitive and lifestyle intervention amongst older adults over a 12-weeks trial period to prevent frailty and promote social bonding.

Study Interventions
Care4Senior mobile Application, Intensive Aerobic Resistance Training and Brain Health (CIRTAB), Centre-Based Exercise Health Session
Primary Endpoints
Frailty Status: - Edmonton Frailty Scale - Clinical Frailty Scale - Oral Frailty Index-8; Presence of Sarcopenia: - Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) Questionnaire
Study Period
2025-07-01 → 2027-05-31
Research Compliance Notice

All data presented on this page is for laboratory research purposes only. HGH (Human Growth Hormone) is referenced here as a research reagent. This page does not constitute medical advice, clinical guidance, or endorsement of any compound for human or animal use. All referenced studies are available via PubMed (PMID: 42042016) and the DOI-linked journal publication. Researchers must consult applicable institutional and regulatory frameworks before conducting any protocols.

Related Compounds

Other Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research Compounds

CJC-1295
The pursuit of pharmacological enhancement in sport has evolved from the widespread use of…
→
Ipamorelin
The pursuit of pharmacological enhancement in sport has evolved from the widespread use of…
→
Sermorelin
The pursuit of pharmacological enhancement in sport has evolved from the widespread use of…
→
Tesamorelin
Introduction: Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent. Incretin-based o…
→
View all Growth Hormone Secretagogue compounds →